Wings Over the Sahel: Why Ghana and West Africa must build a drone-ready security doctrine

Behsat Ekici, and Brock Ruth of Mercyhurst University's Intelligence Studies Department, published in the Croatian defence journal Strategos, asks a very important question every security agency on the continent should also be asking: does the evolution of drone warfare in Ukraine amount to a mere revolution in military affairs (RMA) or a full military revolution (MR)?- Regional intelligence-sharing on drone sightings and incidents among Ghana, Ivory Coast, Togo, and Benin, mirroring the cross-border coordination that has allowed jihadist groups themselves to operate across borders.

That is, adapting the proven lessons of Ukraine's drone revolution and the strategic thinking of Lin-Greenberg's escalation research and turning them into an approach that fits West Africa's actual threats: border crossings by armed groups, communal violence, clashes linked to illegal mining (galamsey), piracy in the Gulf of Guinea, and extremism spreading south from the Sahel.