No conditions attached: Rethinking Ghana’s duty of care for citizens in crisis abroad

It says nothing about contribution-based benefits such as New Style Jobseeker's Allowance and New Style Employment and Support Allowance, which depend on a claimant's own National Insurance record rather than their immigration status, and it has no bearing on Statutory Sick Pay, which employers fund directly regardless of a worker's visa conditions.

A day earlier, the ministry had announced a new Ghanaian Diaspora Consular Fund while briefing journalists on the evacuation of 1,964 Ghanaians from South Africa amid a resurgence of xenophobic violence, an exercise costing the state more than GH¢49 million and never budgeted for.

This distinction is not a UK peculiarity either: most European welfare states separate insurance-based entitlements, built on a worker's own contribution record, from means-tested support restricted by immigration status, even where the exact terminology differs.